Women and Religion in Antiquity
Ithaca College, 311-385 sec. 02
Fall 2003
T/Th 2:35-3:50
Williams 222

Prof. Schroeder
cschroeder@ithaca.edu
274-3542
Muller 318
Office Hours:  Thurs. 11-12 and by appointment

Course Description
This course will examine women in antiquity, with a focus on women in the Roman Empire.  We will use religion as lens to direct our studies, since religion provided one of the most important means by which women participated in the public, civic arena in antiquity.  We will examine different religious attitudes toward women and gender, women's roles in different religious traditions, and the effects of religion on the social construction of gender and on institutions often associated with women (such as the family).  We begin with women in the so-called "pagan" traditions in Greece and Rome and then move to women in early Judaism.  We conclude with an extensive section on women in early Christianity.  One course in ancient history or ancient religion/philosophy is strongly recommended.
Course Objectives
This course has several primary objectives.  Students will learn:
  • A broad historical overview of women's history in antiquity
  • The complex intersection of gender and religion in the ancient world
  • How to read and interpret primary sources from antiquity
  • The diverse methodological problems and debates related to studying women and gender in ancient societies
  • How to use these methodological and interpretive approaches for their own research
  • Required Texts
    The following textbooks are available at the IC bookstore.  They are also on reserve at the library.
  • Elaine Fantham, Women in the Classical World
  • Miriam Peskowitz, Spinning Fantasies: Rabbis, Gender, and History
  • Ross Kraemer & Mary Rose D'Angelo, Women and Christian Origins
  • Elizabeth Clark, Women in the Early Church
  • Sebastian Brock and Susan Harvey, Holy Women of the Syrian Orient

  • Ross Kraemer, Her Share of the Blessings:  Women's Religions among Pagans, Jews and Christians in the Greco-Roman World, will be available on the first day of class; it is also on reserve.

    I will occasionally provide required readings as handouts.
    Course Requirements
    Daily assignments:  Assignments should be completed before class.  To do well in this course, you will need to be an active reader and
    take notes!!!   You should also read your colleague's response paper (see below) before class and use the paper to prepare for discussion in class.

    Response Papers:  Each day, one student will be responsible for writing a 2-page response paper on the readings.  The paper will be distributed to the rest of the class beforehand, and you will begin the discussion section of class for that day by explaining and expanding on your paper.   The paper should be a close reading of the assignment and should present your own analysis of what you think are the most important issues in the readings, with specific references to the readings.   (It should not be a summary.)  Consider writing about what you think is most important in the readings, what is new or most surprising in the assignment, contradictions or continuities in the readings, themes that have arisen earlier in the course that you see in the current assignment, or  aspects of the assignment that you do not understand.  These papers will be graded, but I will drop your lowest grade when averaging the final grade.

    Class participation and attendance:  Class discussion is an integral part of this class.  All students are expected to participate in a thoughtful, well-prepared manner that is grounded in the course assignments.  All members of the class are expected to reflect critically on they ways in which they can contribute to constructive rather than destructive class dynamics.  I do call upon students and will not always wait for students to volunteer themselves.   Again, take notes!!!  You will be expected to incorporate issues raised in class discussions in your papers.  Regular, critical engagement with the assignments in class is required to earn a participation grade above a C.  You will not be graded on whether or not your comments are "right." You will be graded on whether or not you completed the assignments, critically reflected on them and the issues for the class, and constructively engaged questions and ideas posed by the professor and your fellow classmates.
    More than 2 unexcused absences will severely affect your grade.  Provide an official note from your dean, health services,  coach, etc., to excuse missed classes.   Make friends:  if you must miss class, you should get notes from a classmate before meeting with the instructor to go over missed material.

    Research Paper:  One 10-12-page research paper on a topic of your choice that relates to women and religion in antiquity.   All topics must receive my approval.   The project will be divided into 4 stages:
    1.  Conference with professor to discuss topic and get approval of the topic.
    2.  Paper Proposal (including thesis, basic issues & questions to be researched, and preliminary bibliography)
    3.  Class presentation on your research
    4.  Final paper


    Grading
    Late work will not be accepted and will receive a zero.  If you experience an emergency and need an exception to this policy, you must provide an official excuse from your adviser, dean, or doctor and make arrangements with me, preferably before the work is due.  
    Your final grade will be calculated as follows:
    Class participation and attendance: 25%
    Response Papers (average of papers except the lowest grade):
    30%
    Research Paper: 45% (5% proposal, 10% presentation, 30% final paper)

    Academic Integrity
    Work that violates the academic integrity policies of the College or this course will receive a zero and will be reported to the Dean's office.  Plagiarism will not be tolerated.  Students should consult Ithaca College's plagiarism and academic honesty policies at http://www.ithaca.edu/judicialaffairs/SCCAppendix.htm#AppendixII.  Students must also submit original work for each assignment in this course.  So, students may not turn in a paper that is identical to or contains portions of another paper or assignment that has already been submitted for this course or any other course.  

    Students may be removed from the course for disruptive behavior, excessive absences, plagiarism or academic dishonesty, or other activities that the professor deems unacceptable.

    I encourage students to study together and to discuss course materials outside of class.  Unless otherwise indicated in the assignment, no papers or other graded assignments are collaborative; they must be completed by the individual student.  Students should use their own discretion in determining how far to take their conversations about the readings before writing their papers.

    Students with questions about the academic integrity policies for this course should consult with the professor before the deadline for the assignment in question.

    Email and Websites
    I frequently communicate with students over email.  All students must have an active Ithaca College email account and should check their email frequently for correspondence.  If you have another outside email account that you prefer to use, you should forward your IC email to that address.
    The official course homepage is http://www.carrieschroeder.com/women.  Recommended websites for the study of women and religion in antiquity can be found there. 

    Additional material for students, including changes or updates to the assignments, can be found on the WebCT page at http://courses.ithaca.edu.


    Schedule of Assignments
    Th Aug 28
    Introduction
    Tu Sept 2
    Studying Women in Antiquity:  Problems and Possibilities
    Her Share of the Blessings, 3-21
    Elizabeth Clark, "The Lady Vanishes:  Dilemmas of a Feminist Historian after the 'Linguistic Turn" (handout)
    Th Sept 4
    Ancient Greece Part I
    Women in the Classical World
    , 1-55
    Tu Sept 9
    Ancient Greece Part II
    Women in the Classical World, 56-127

    Th Sept 11
    Ancient Greece Part III
    Her Share of the Blessings, 22-49
    Handouts of primary sources on women's religion in ancient Greece
    Tu Sept 16 The Hellenistic Greek World
    Women in the Classical World, 136-182
    Th Sept 18
    The Roman Republic Part I
    Women in the Classical World, 216-242
    Mary Beard, "The Sexual Status of Vestal Virgins"
     
    Tu Sept 23
    The Roman Republic Part II
    Women in the Classical World, 260-279
    Her Share of the Blessings, 50-70
    Handouts of primary sources on Republican Rome
    Th Sept 25
    Roman Empire Part I
    Women in the Classical World, 280-329
    Handouts on women in the early Empire
    Tu Sept 30
    Roman Empire Part II
    Women in the Classical World, 345-394
    Th Oct 2
    Roman Empire Part III
    Her Share of the Blessings, 71-92
    Handouts on women and religion in the Greco-Roman world

    Tu Oct 7
    Judaism in the Greco-Roman World
    Her Share of the Blessings, 93-127

    Handouts on women in Judaism

    Th Oct 9
    Gender & Judaism:  Problems and Polemics
    Women and Christian Origins, 35-49
    Spinning Fantasies
    , 1-48

    Tu Oct 14
    Women and the Evolution of Rabbinic Judaism
    Spinning Fantasies, 49-108
    Th Oct 16
    NO CLASS.  FALL BREAK
    Tu Oct 21
    Women and the Evolution of Rabbinic Judaism
    Spinning Fantasies, 109-171
    Th Oct 23
    Women in the Jesus Movement I
    Women and Christian Origins, 105-149
    Biblical passages TBA

    **Afternoon Lecture at Cornell by Elizabeth Clark.  Attendance is Required.  Details TBA**
    Tu Oct 28
    Women in the Jesus Movement II
    Women and Christian Origins, 150-195
    Biblical passages TBA
    Th Oct 30
    Women in the Pauline Churches
    Women and Christian Origins, 199-235
    Her Share of the Blessings, 128-156
    Biblical passages TBA
    Tu Nov 4
    Women & Leadership in the Eyes of Paul's Interpreters
    Women and Christian Origins, 236-253, 300-329
    Women in the Early Church, 77-88
    Biblical passages TBA
    Th Nov 6
    Was Early Christianity a Feminist Movement?
    Bernadette Brooten, "Early Christian Women and their Cultural Context"
    Karen Jo Torjeson, When Women Were Priests, selections
    Elizabeth Clark, "Patrons Not Priests"
    Tu Nov 11
    Men Writing about Women & Sexuality in Early Christianity:  Creation, Marriage, and the Fall
    Women in the Early Church, chapter 1
    Clark, "Devil's Gateway and Bride of Christ:  Women in the Early Christian World"
    Th Nov 13
    Women and Heresy
    Women and Christian Origins, 257-299
    Women in the Early Church, 97-106, 160-161 (on Montanism), 173, 176-181
    Virginia Burrus, "The Heretical Woman as Symbol"

    Tu Nov 18
    Women & Sexuality in Early Christianity:  Asceticism and Redemption  
    Women in the Early Church, selections from chapters 3 & 4
    Clark, "Ascetic Renunciation and Feminine Advancement:  A Paradox of Late Ancient Christianity"
    Th Nov 20
    Virgin Martyrs & Reformed Harlots
    Women in the Early Church, 106-114
    Holy Women of the Syriac Orient, 27-62
    Burrus, "Reading Agnes:  The Rhetoric of Gender in Ambrose and Prudentius" OR Gillian Clark, "Bodies and Blood:  Late Antique Debate on Martyrdom, Virginity, and Resurrection"
    Tu Nov 25
    NO CLASS.  THANKSGIVING BREAK
    Th Nov 27
    NO CLASS.  THANKSGIVING BREAK
    Tu Dec 2
    Christian Women as Models and Mentors in Hagiography
    Women in the Early Church, 223-243, 245-25
    Life of Melania
    Review E. Clark, "The Lady Vanishes"
    Th Dec 4
    Women in Asceticism and Monasticism in Eastern Christianity
    Holy Women of the Syriac Orient, 122-141, 150-176
    Monastic sources on women in Egypt (handout)
    Tu Dec 9 Student Presentations
    Th Dec 11
    Student Presentations
    Wed Dec 17
    FINAL PAPER DUE by 4:30 pm in Muller 318

    Page last updated 8/30/03