Religion of the Pharaohs

Elon University, January 2002


 
REL 372A:  Religion of the Pharaohs
M-F 1:30-4:30 in Powell 311
Instructor:  Caroline T. Schroeder
Office:  TBA
Office Hours:  TBA
Office Phone:  TBA
Email: cschroeder@elon.edu

DescriptionObjectives    Required Texts      Course Requirements

Course Websites          Evaluation and Grading         Schedule of Assignments


Course Description 

The twentieth century witnessed a fascination with all things ancient Egyptian.  From the earliest version of the film "The Mummy" to the travelling art exhibit of the treasures of Tutankhamen's tomb to the millennium party at the pyramids, the previous century was marked by an obsession with ancient Egyptian religion and culture.  This course will examine the religious beliefs and practices of ancient Egyptians and the portrayal of ancient Egypt in recent American movies.  Specific topics to be studied include:  Egyptian royal and social history; Egyptian language and literature; mythology and cosmology; death and the afterlife; temple rituals and architecture; pyramids, tombs and other burial architecture; narratives of the Hebrew Exodus; the Rosetta Stone and the modern “discovery” of ancient Egypt; and ancient Egypt in film and popular culture.
 
 
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Course Objectives 

This course has seven primary objectives:
  1. to provide a basic introduction to Egyptian history, literature, and culture
  2. to provide a more in-depth examination of religious life in ancient Egypt
  3. to provide an introduction to and critical analysis of the ways in which popular vehicles of modern American culture use (or misuse)  conceptions of ancient cultures to promote contemporary social and cultural values, especially regarding race and politics
  4. to develop skills in historical research, historical analysis, and historical writing
  5. to develop the art of oral presentations
  6. to facilitate multidisciplinary work in literature, history, politics, and art
  7. to develop critical reading skills for both primary and secondary literature

  8.   

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Required Texts 

Immediately go to the bookstore to purchase:
    A. Rosalie David, The Ancient Egyptians
    Miriam Lichtheim, Ancient Egyptian Literature, Vols. 1 & 2
    Elizabeth Peters, Crocodile on the Sandbank

Additional required readings are on reserve in the library.  They are marked with an * on the syllabus.

Required media assignments, such as CD-ROMs or videos, are also on reserve in the library.  They are marked with an # on the syllabus.

Students should bring the assigned readings to class each day.  I realize that books are expensive—if you do not purchase or photocopy the required readings, you are expected to take detailed notes so that you can participate in the class discussions.
 

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Course Requirements 

Daily assignments:  Assignments should be completed before class on the day on which they are listed on the syllabus.  Course assignments will include readings, internet sites, CD-ROM's, and possibly videos.  If you have any difficulties accessing or finding the assignments, you should ask your fellow students first.   Well-prepared students will bring to class specific questions about the assignments and topics for class discussion.

In preparing for class, students should take into account the following:

Class participation and attendance:  Class discussion and participation is an integral part of this class.  All students are expected to participate in a thoughtful, well-prepared manner that is grounded in the course assignments.  All members of the class are expected to reflect critically on they ways in which they can contribute to constructive rather than destructive class dynamics.  I will call upon students and will not always simply wait for students to volunteer themselves.  Absences will affect your grade, and athletes, band members, etc., are advised to provide official letters from their coaches explaining missed classes.

Take notes:  you will be expected to incorporate issues raised in class discussions in your papers.  Make friends:  if you must miss class, you should get notes from a classmate before meeting with the instructor to go over missed material.  If you miss a video or other multi-media presentation in class, it is your responsibility to find and view the material on your own time.

Classs presentation:  Each student will be required to lead the class discussion for part of one class meeting.  For your assigned day , you must email questions and topics for class discussion to the class no later than 6 pm the night before class.  (In other words, you need to complete the assignments for your day a couple of days ahead of time.)  On the day of your presentation, you will begin with a five minute presentation of what you think are the most important or most interesting aspects of the assignments.  You will then select one of your emailed questions and topics to begin the discussion.  We will return to your other questions or topics throughout the class.

Quizzes:  There will be several quizzes on the Blackboard system over the course of the term.  The quizzes will test students on basic data, such as names, terms, and dates essential to understanding ancient Egyptian religiosity.

Papers:  You will write three 1000 word papers based on the assignments and class discussion.  You will do NO OUTSIDE RESEARCH for these papers.  Papers will be graded on the strength of their argument and use of course materials,  as well as grammar, style, and spelling.

Research project:  Early in the term, you will select a research topic that will form the basis of a term project.  The final project will probably take the form of a 2000-2500-word paper (not including a bibliography), but alternative projects (such as a video or other media, an individual or collaborative dramatic work, etc.) will be considered.  You will be required to:

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Course Websites 

The syllabus, schedule of assignments, and other resources for the course will be posted on my website at www.carrieschroeder.com/pharaoh.  Check here first if you have any questions about an assignment.  I will update it regularly.  We will also make use of Elon's blackboard system.  I will distribute the URL and instructions for how to use it when it comes online.  If you have any questions about the course websites, computer use, or the internet, please ask me.  No question is a stupid question!
 
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Evaluations and Grading 

Late work will not be accepted and will receive a ZERO.  If there is a tragedy in your life, and you need an exception to this policy, you must make arrangements with me before the work is due.

Grading Scale
All assignments will be given a percentage grade based on the following grading scale:
F 0-59% expresses little accurate information and/or is not coherent, fails to answer the questions
D 60-69% demonstrates little thought; work shows effort, but the information, explanation, and conclusions are weak
C 70-79% articulates your thoughts coherently
B 80-89% explores why you think the way you do
A 90-100% reserved for excellence, when you use the material as a springboard for higher level critical thinking of your own rather than merely report information or describe what you think.  For instance:  You engage with other perspectives, counter-arguments, etc.  You demonstrate creativity and original thought.  You step back from your own point of view to look at the pros and cons of thinking in the ways you do.

For your attendance and participation grade, the above scale will be used with one modification.  Reguarly showing up to class with occasional participation in class discussion will earn a 75%.  Additional absences and a demonstrable lack of preparedness will lower your grade.  Critical engagement with the assignments in class is required to earn a participation grade above 75%.  You will not be graded on whether or not your comments are "right."  You will be graded using the above grading scale on whether or not you have completed and reflected on the assignments and issues for the class and whether you constructively engage questions and ideas posed by the instructor and your fellow classmates.

Final grades will be calculated as follows:
Attendance & Participation 20% 25%
Class Presentation 10%
Quizzes 10%
Papers (3) 40% 45% (15% each)
Research Project 20%

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Schedule of Assignments 

* indicates readings on reserve
# indicates media on reserve
Green text indicates assignments TBA
You will understand the material most fully if you complete the assignments in the order in which they are listed.
 
Th 1/3 Introduction to the culture of ancient Egypt
Introductions
Lecture:
Review syllabus and assignments
The social and political world of ancient Egypt
Assignments & discussion (in class):
"Ethnic Diversity," "Social Institutions," and "Private Life" in Civilizations of the Ancient Near East, 225-34, 345-62, 363-81
Screen and discuss National Geographic video Egypt:  Quest for Eternity
Sign up for class presentations
Lecture notes from today
F 1/4 Introduction to the religion and literature of ancient Egypt
Assignments:
Print out the Class discussion questions
Visit The Art of Ancient Egypt: A Web Resource from the Metropolitan Museum (NY):  Click on "Themes" and explore the following sections:
  • Ancient Egyptian Beliefs
  • The People of Ancient Egypt
  • Bookmark this page, and especially the timeline, for future reference!
* Byron E. Shafer, Religion in Ancient Egypt, 7-73 (lots of pictures!)
* Shafer, Religion in Ancient Egypt, 88- 122 
Visit and thoroughly explore the British Museum's exhibit "Cracking Codes" about the Rosetta Stone
In Class:
Discuss readings using discussion questions (above)
Lecture on Predynastic and Old Kingdom history
Research projects
M 1/ 7 Predynastic and Old Kingdom Egypt
Assignments:
David, 10-52
Lichtheim I:  15-28, 51-80
View the Metropolitan Museum's exhibit Egyptian Art in the Age of the Pyramids:  focus on everything except the pyramids
*Shafer, Temples of Ancient Egypt, 1-28 -- now online at  http://www.elon.edu/dcopeland/pharaohs/pharaohs.htm
In Class:
Lecture on interpreting Egyptian art
T 1/8 Pyramids, the Sphinx, and Old Kingdom Funerary Practices
Assignments:
*Grimal, A History of Ancient Egypt, 102-136 -- now available online at http://www.elon.edu/dcopeland/pharaohs/history.htm

Lichtheim I:  29-50
View the Metropolitan Museum's exhibit Egyptian Art in the Age of the Pyramids:  focus on the pyramids
Learn more about mummification at the following websites:

Check out the Sphinx at the following websites New on 1/6/02:  Two good sites on the pyramids are the PBS/NOVA website and the  British Museum site on the pyramids

In Class:
Screen & discuss The Making of the Pyramids
Lecture on Middle Kingdom history

W 1/9 Middle Kingdom Egypt
Assignments:
David, 91-118
Lichtheim I:  94-96, 131-133, 163-184, 193-236
In Class:
Lecture on New Kingdom history
Paper #1 Due in Blackboard Site Drop Box by 8 pm
Th 1/10 Early New Kingdom Myth and History
Assignments:
David, 119-146
Lictheim II:  25-48, 81-89
*Donald Redford, "The Concept of Kingship during the Eighteenth Dynasty," in O'Connor and Silverman, Ancient Egyptian Kingship, 157-84 -- now available online at http://www.elon.edu/dcopeland/pharaohs/king.htm
*Tyldesley, Hatshepsut, 99-153 -- now available online at http://www.elon.edu/dcopeland/pharaohs/hatchepsut.htm
In Class:
Debate--Did Hatshepsut's reign challenge traditional Egyptian norms regarding gender roles?
F 1/11 Revolution & Counterrevolution?  Akhenaten, Tutankhamen, and the Ramessid Period
Assignments:
David, 153-171
Lichtheim II:  89-118
View and thoroughly explore the Pharaohs of the Sun Exhibit at the Boston MFA's website
In Class:
Debate--Did Akhenaten & Nefertiti's religious innovations represent a radical revolution in Egyptian religiosity?
M 1/14 Later New Kingdom Religiosity & Literature
Assignments:
Lichtheim II:  135-66, 197-230
*Shafer, Temples of Ancient Egypt, 86-126 -- now available online at http://www.elon.edu/dcopeland/pharaohs/temples.htm
Syllabus change!
Handouts on temples, Abu Simbel, and magic
Lichtheim II:  57-72
Visit the following Abu Simbel websites: In Class:
Finish screening Obelisk video
Outline and Bibliography of Research Project Due In Class
T 1/15 New Kingdom Funerary Practices
Assignments:
David, 146-53
Lichtheim II:  119-32
Visit the  Valley of the Kings at http://www.kv5.org
*"The Amduat" in Hornung, Ancient Egyptian Books of the Afterlife, 27-53 & *Ancient Egyptian Books of the Afterlife, 116-35 -- both now available online at  http://www.elon.edu/dcopeland/pharaohs/hornung.htm
In Class:
Screen "The English Patient"
W 1/16 Field Trip Day (TENTATIVELY Scheduled)
N.C. Museum of Art (Raleigh)
Exploris IMAX show (Raleigh)
Duke University Rare Book Room (Durham)
Paper #2 Due in Blackboard Site Drop Box by 11 am -- paper topic available here
We will return in time to see Ehud Barak, who will be speaking at Elon at 6:30
Th 1/17 Orientalism and Egyptology, Part I
Assignments:
*Edward Said, Orientalism, selections
*"Western Thought" in Civilizations of the Ancient Near East
*Nancy Thomas, The Discovery of Ancient Egypt, selections
In Class:
Screen & discuss The Mummy (1932)
F 1/18 Egypt in the Greco-Roman Era
Assignments:
*Plutarch, "On Isis and Osiris," selections
*Herodotus selections
*Apuleius, The Golden Ass, selections
*Lichtheim III:  41-54, 90-103, 104-21
View the Greco-Roman Mummies exhibit at the Metropolitan Museum
Visit and thoroughly explore the Chicago Field Museum's exhibit on Cleopatra
Optional:
Check out the recently discovered Valley of the Mummies at http://www.sis.gov.eg/egyptinf/history/hawass/front.htm
Find Ptolemaic objects at http://www.memphis.edu/egypt/egypt.html and http://web.kyoto- inet.or.jp/org/orion/eng/hst/egypt.html
In Class:
Finish The English Patient
M 1/21 No class—MLK holiday
T 1/22 The Exodus Narrative, Ancient Egypt, and Race
Assignments:
Exodus 7:14-12:32 --  Exodus 1-14 available here to printout and bring to class! 
James H. Cone, The Spirituals and the Blues:  an Interpretation, selections in handouts
Albert J. Raboteau, "Exodus, Ethiopia, and Racial Messianism:  Texts and Contexts of African American Chosenness" in Many are Chosen:  Divine Election and Western Nationalism in handouts
Jacques Berlinerblau, The Black Athena Controversy and the Responsibilities of American Intellectuals, selections in handouts
In Class:
Screen & discuss Prince of Egypt and selections from The Ten Commandments
Paper #3 Due in Blackboard Site Drop Box by 8 pm
W 1/23 Orientalism and Egyptology, Part II
Assignments:
Elizabeth Peters, Crocodile on the Sandbank (the whole thing!)
In-class: 
Screen & discuss Stargate
Th 1/24 Research Project Due in Blackboard Site Drop Box by 5 pm

 

Page last updated on 1/16/02
All text Copyright 2001, 2002 by Caroline T. Schroeder *
*except grading scale, based on criteria developed by Ann Burlein, Meredith College
Return to the main page for this course at 
www.carrieschroeder.com/pharaoh

 Return to Caroline T. Schroeder's homepage at www.carrieschroeder.com